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Cocoa butter, also called theobroma oil, is a pale-yellow, edible fat extracted from the cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao). It is used to make chocolate , as well as some ointments , toiletries , and pharmaceuticals . [ 2 ]
Cocoa powder is the powdered form of the dry solids with a small remaining amount of cocoa butter. Untreated cocoa powder is bitter and acidic. Dutch process cocoa has been treated with an alkali to neutralize the acid. Cocoa powder contains flavanols, amounts of which are reduced if the cocoa is subjected to acid-reducing alkalization. [1]
Cocoa beans, cocoa butter and cocoa powder are traded on futures markets. The London market is based on West African cocoa and New York on cocoa predominantly from Southeast Asia. Cocoa is the world's smallest soft commodity market. The futures price of cocoa butter and cocoa powder is determined by multiplying the bean price by a ratio.
Chocolate most commonly comes in dark, milk and white varieties, with cocoa solids contributing to the brown coloration.. Chocolate is a food made from roasted and ground cocoa beans mixed with fat (e.g. cocoa butter) and powdered sugar to produce a solid confectionery.
Cocoa bean, the seed from the tree used to make chocolate; Cacao paste, ground cacao beans. The mass is melted and separated into: Cocoa butter, a pale, yellow, edible fat; and; Cocoa solids, the dark, bitter mass that contains most of cacao's notable phytochemicals, including caffeine and theobromine.
Broma process – Method of extracting cocoa butter from cocoa beans; Conching – Process in the manufacture of chocolate; Dutch process cocoa – Cocoa that has been treated with an alkalizing agent; Federal Specification for Candy and Chocolate Confections – US standard for products made for use by the federal government
Maya glyph for cacao. Cocoa is a variant of cacao, likely arising from a confusion with the word coco. [2] Through cacao, it is ultimately derived from kakaw(a), but whether that word originates in Nahuatl or a Mixe-Zoquean language is the subject of substantial linguistic debate.
The total "percentage" cited on many brands of chocolate is based on some combination of cocoa butter in relation to cocoa solids (cacao). In order to be properly labeled as "couverture", the dark chocolate product must contain not less than 35% total dry cocoa solids, including not less than 31% cocoa butter and not less than 2.5% of dry non-fat cocoa solids, milk chocolate couverture must ...