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  2. Linear least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_least_squares

    Linear least squares (LLS) is the least squares approximation of linear functions to data. It is a set of formulations for solving statistical problems involved in linear regression , including variants for ordinary (unweighted), weighted , and generalized (correlated) residuals .

  3. Least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_squares

    The result of fitting a set of data points with a quadratic function Conic fitting a set of points using least-squares approximation. In regression analysis, least squares is a parameter estimation method based on minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals (a residual being the difference between an observed value and the fitted value provided by a model) made in the results of each ...

  4. Ordinary least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_least_squares

    In statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) is a type of linear least squares method for choosing the unknown parameters in a linear regression model (with fixed level-one [clarification needed] effects of a linear function of a set of explanatory variables) by the principle of least squares: minimizing the sum of the squares of the differences between the observed dependent variable (values ...

  5. Linear regression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regression

    The partial least squares regression is the extension of the PCR method which does not suffer from the mentioned deficiency. Least-angle regression [6] is an estimation procedure for linear regression models that was developed to handle high-dimensional covariate vectors, potentially with more covariates than observations.

  6. Simple linear regression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_linear_regression

    Deming regression (total least squares) also finds a line that fits a set of two-dimensional sample points, but (unlike ordinary least squares, least absolute deviations, and median slope regression) it is not really an instance of simple linear regression, because it does not separate the coordinates into one dependent and one independent ...

  7. Total least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_least_squares

    It is a generalization of Deming regression and also of orthogonal regression, and can be applied to both linear and non-linear models. The total least squares approximation of the data is generically equivalent to the best, in the Frobenius norm , low-rank approximation of the data matrix.

  8. Weighted least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_least_squares

    Weighted least squares (WLS), also known as weighted linear regression, [1] [2] is a generalization of ordinary least squares and linear regression in which knowledge of the unequal variance of observations (heteroscedasticity) is incorporated into the regression.

  9. Constrained least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constrained_least_squares

    Stochastic (linearly) constrained least squares: the elements of must satisfy = +, where is a vector of random variables such that ⁡ = and ⁡ =. This effectively imposes a prior distribution for β {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\beta }}} and is therefore equivalent to Bayesian linear regression .