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The TAG flash point tester adheres to ASTM D56 and has no stirrer, while the Abel flash point testers adheres to IP 170 and ISO 13736 and has a stirring motor so the sample is stirred during testing. The flash point is an empirical measurement rather than a fundamental physical parameter.
Those with flash points above 37.8 °C/100 °F and below 93.3 °C/200 °F were classified as combustible liquids. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Studies show that the actual measure of a liquid's flammability, its flash point, is dependent on the local air pressure, meaning that at higher altitudes where the air pressure is lower, the flash point is also lower.
The Cleveland open-cup method is one of three main methods in chemistry for determining the flash point of a petroleum product using a Cleveland open-cup apparatus, also known as a Cleveland open-cup tester. [1] First, the test cup of the apparatus (usually brass) is filled to a certain level with a portion of the product.
For example, in the United States flammable liquids, by definition, have a flash point below 100 °F (38 °C)—where combustible liquids have a flash point above 100 °F (38 °C). Flammable solids are solids that are readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.
The flash point of kerosene is between 37 °C (99 °F) and 65 °C (149 °F), and its autoignition temperature is 220 °C (428 °F). [19] The freezing point of kerosene depends on grade, with commercial aviation fuel standardized at −47 °C (−53 °F). Grade 1-K kerosene freezes around −40 °C (−40 °F, 233 K). [20]
The flash evaporation of a single-component liquid is an isenthalpic process and is often referred to as an adiabatic flash. The following equation, derived from a simple heat balance around the throttling valve or device, is used to predict how much of a single-component liquid is vaporized.
The colors are light yellow, medium yellow, or dark brown and white. Beeswax is a tough wax formed from a mixture of several chemical compounds. Beeswax has a relatively low melting point range of 62 to 64 °C (144 to 147 °F). If beeswax is heated above 85 °C (185 °F) discoloration occurs. The flash point of beeswax is 204.4 °C (399.9 °F). [8]
The fire point, or combustion point, of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which the liquid fuel will continue to burn for at least five seconds after ignition by an open flame of standard dimension. [1] At the flash point, a lower temperature, a substance will ignite briefly, but vapour might not be produced at a rate to sustain the fire ...