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Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical ...
A threshold model used in toxicology posits that anything above a certain dose of a toxin is dangerous, and anything below it safe. This model is usually applied to non-carcinogenic health hazards. Edward J. Calabrese and Linda A. Baldwin wrote: The threshold dose-response model is widely viewed as the most dominant model in toxicology. [6]
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).
It is an application of pharmacokinetics to determine the relationship between the systemic exposure of a compound and its toxicity.It is used primarily for establishing relationships between exposures in toxicology experiments in animals and the corresponding exposures in humans.
Medical toxicology is a subspecialty of medicine focusing on toxicology and providing the diagnosis, management, and prevention of poisoning and other adverse effects due to medications, occupational and environmental toxicants, and biological agents. [1]
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T. Tarantism; Test Methods Regulation; Thermostability; Threshold model; Threshold of toxilogical concern; Thyrotoxicosis factitia; Tissue residue; Tobacco smoke
In toxicology, hormesis is a dose-response phenomenon to xenobiotics or other stressors. In physiology and nutrition, hormesis has regions extending from low-dose deficiencies to homeostasis, and potential toxicity at high levels. [ 6 ]