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At present, guided bone regeneration is predominantly applied in the oral cavity to support new hard tissue growth on an alveolar ridge to allow stable placement of dental implants. When bone grafting is used in conjunction with sound surgical technique, guided bone regeneration is a reliable and validated procedure.
Others, including Broome and Taggert [4] and Donn [5] also described the use of SECT grafts for increasing the zone of keratinized tissue. Of the various ways of preparing the graft recipient site, Edel described using two vertical incisions, mesial and distal to the teeth at which the zone of keratinized tissue was intended to be widened. [1]
Barrier membranes have been derived from a variety of sources, both natural and synthetic, and are marketed under various trade names. Membranes used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) and grafting may be of two principal varieties: non-resorbable; resorbable.
Socket preservation or alveolar ridge preservation is a procedure to reduce bone loss after tooth extraction. [1] [2] After tooth extraction, the jaw bone has a natural tendency to become narrow, and lose its original shape because the bone quickly resorbs, resulting in 30–60% loss in bone volume in the first six months. [3]
Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly. Some small or acute fractures can be cured without bone grafting, but the risk is greater for large fractures like compound fractures.
Artificial bone refers to bone-like material created in a laboratory that can be used in bone grafts, to replace human bone that was lost due to severe fractures, disease, etc. [1] Bone fracture, which is a complete or partial break in the bone, is a very common condition that has more than three million US cases per year. [ 2 ]
Regenerative endodontic procedures suggests that free nerve endings of the root end are guided into the canal by specific chemical signals. Nonetheless, the presence of nerve endings suggests the presence of a vital tissue that is immune-competent due to the intimate association of innervation with blood vessels and the immune system.
Full thickness flap involves incision down to bone. Using blunt dissection, the flap is raised from bone. Full thickness flap is a simple procedure which provides access to root surface and bone. The procedure leaves minimal post-operative discomfort. It provides limited mobility of flap and is unsuitable for grafting. [6] [2]