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The syndrome was first described in 1863 by Virchow on a 15-year-old boy with multiple polyps in his colon. [9] The syndrome involves development of multiple polyps at an early age and those left untreated will all eventually develop cancer. [9] The gene is expressed 100% in those with the mutation and it is autosomal dominant.
Adenoma is a benign tumor of glandular tissue, such as the mucosa of stomach, small intestine, and colon, in which tumor cells form glands or gland-like structures. In hollow organs (digestive tract), the adenoma grows into the lumen - adenomatous polyp or polypoid adenoma.
Depending on the nature of the defect in the APC gene, and whether it is the full or attenuated form, familial polyposis may manifest as polyps in colon or in the duodenal tract, or in any combination of these. Therefore, an absence of polyps in, for example, the rectum, may not of itself be sufficient to confirm absence of polyps.
"As precancerous polyps, also known as adenomas, enlarge and become more abnormal and possibly progress towards becoming cancer, they require an increasing blood supply," explains Dr. Brooks Cash ...
While colon polyps are not commonly associated with symptoms, occasionally they may cause rectal bleeding, and on rare occasions pain, diarrhea or constipation. [9] They are a concern because of the potential for colon cancer being present microscopically, and the risk of benign colon polyps becoming malignant over time. [10]
Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS), previously known as hyperplastic polyposis syndrome, is a disorder characterized by the appearance of serrated polyps in the colon. While serrated polyposis syndrome does not cause symptoms, the condition is associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The lifelong risk of CRC is between 25 and 40%.
The serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is a relatively rare condition characterized by multiple and/or large serrated polyps of the colon. Serrated polyps include SSLs, hyperplastic polyps, and traditional serrated adenomas. Diagnosis of this disease is made by the fulfillment of any of the World Health Organization's (WHO) clinical criteria. [4]
Most hyperplastic polyps are found in the distal colon and rectum. [2] They have no malignant potential, [2] which means that they are no more likely than normal tissue to eventually become a cancer. [citation needed] Hyperplastic polyps on the right side of the colon do exhibit a malignant potential.