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2. List of grand dukes of Tuscany - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_grand_dukes_of_Tuscany

   The title of Grand Duke, was in fact the second title of recognition within the Tuscan politics given by a Pope to the Medici family, the first being that of Duke of the Florentine Republic, created by Pope Clement VII in 1532. [3] [4] The official residence of the Grand Dukes was the Palazzo Pitti in Florence, bought by the Medici in 1549. [5]

3. Ferdinando I de' Medici - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinando_I_de'_Medici

   When his brother Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, died in 1587, Ferdinando succeeded as grand duke at the age of 38. [citation needed] In many ways, Ferdinando was the opposite of his brother who preceded him. Approachable and generous, he set out to rule mildly.

4. Grand Duchy of Tuscany - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany

   Grand Duke Ferdinand I sought to expand Tuscany's naval strength during his reign, and cooperated with the Order of Saint Stephen, which often blurred the line between itself and the Tuscan navy. The Order in 1604 counted among its fleet 6 galleys, 3 roundships/ bertoni , 2 transports, 1 galleon, and 1 galleass, supplemented by other ships ...

5. Ferdinando II de' Medici - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinando_II_de'_Medici

   Ferdinando II de' Medici (14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670) was grand duke of Tuscany from 1621 to 1670. He was the eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici and Maria Maddalena of Austria . Remembered by his contemporaries as a man of culture and science, he actively participated in the Accademia del Cimento , the first official scientific society in ...

6. Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_II,_Grand_Duke_of...

   Leopold II [nb 1] (3 October 1797 – 29 January 1870) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1824 to 1859. He married twice; first to Maria Anna of Saxony, and after her death in 1832, to Maria Antonia of the Two-Sicilies. By the latter, he begat his eventual successor, Ferdinand. Leopold was recognised contemporarily as a liberal monarch, authorising ...

7. Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Grand_Duke...

   Ferdinand III [nb 1] (6 May 1769 – 18 June 1824) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1790 to 1801 and, after a period of disenfranchisement, again from 1814 to 1824. He was also the Prince-elector and Grand Duke of Salzburg (1803–1805) and Duke and Elector (to 1806, Grand Duke from 1806) of Würzburg (1805–1814).

8. Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_Grand_Duke...

   Born at Florence, he was the son of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies.. His first wife died in February 1859. Sometime later, he and his family were forced to flee Florence on 27 April 1859, with the outbreak of a revolution inspired by the outbreak of the Second Italian War of Independence as part of the unification of Italy.

9. Category:Grand dukes of Tuscany - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/.../Category:Grand_dukes_of_Tuscany

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