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The title of Grand Duke, was in fact the second title of recognition within the Tuscan politics given by a Pope to the Medici family, the first being that of Duke of the Florentine Republic, created by Pope Clement VII in 1532. [3] [4] The official residence of the Grand Dukes was the Palazzo Pitti in Florence, bought by the Medici in 1549. [5]
Grand Duke Ferdinand I sought to expand Tuscany's naval strength during his reign, and cooperated with the Order of Saint Stephen, which often blurred the line between itself and the Tuscan navy. The Order in 1604 counted among its fleet 6 galleys, 3 roundships/ bertoni , 2 transports, 1 galleon, and 1 galleass, supplemented by other ships ...
Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany: 10. Jacopo Salviati: 5. Maria Salviati: 11. Lucrezia de' Medici: 1. Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany: 12. Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez, 2nd Duke of Alba: 6. Pedro de Toledo y Zúñiga: 13. Isabel de Zúñiga y Pimentel: 3. Eleanor of Toledo: 14. Luis Pimentel y Pacheco, 1st ...
Ferdinando II de' Medici (14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670) was grand duke of Tuscany from 1621 to 1670. He was the eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici and Maria Maddalena of Austria . Remembered by his contemporaries as a man of culture and science, he actively participated in the Accademia del Cimento , the first official scientific society in ...
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The Tuscany Gian Gastone inherited was in a pitiful state: the army numbered less than 3,000, the royal coffers were empty and Florence was full of beggars. [ 40 ] [ 41 ] The ramshackle condition of the capital was noted by philosopher Montesquieu five years into Gian Gastone's reign: "There is no town where men live in less luxury than Florence".
Born at Florence, he was the son of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies.. His first wife died in February 1859. Sometime later, he and his family were forced to flee Florence on 27 April 1859, with the outbreak of a revolution inspired by the outbreak of the Second Italian War of Independence as part of the unification of Italy.