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Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato can spread extremely quickly with infected plants showing symptoms 3–5 days after exposure to the pathogen. [5] Starting with one infected plant, susceptible neighboring plants can show symptoms in as little as two weeks and an entire field can become diseased in as little as ten weeks. [8]
Bacterial diseases; Bacterial spot Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria: Bacterial wilt Ralstonia solnacearum: Bacterial canker Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis: Syringae seedling blight and leaf spot Pseudomonas syringae. P. syringae pv. syringae. Crown Gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Xanthomonas (from greek: xanthos – "yellow"; monas – "entity") is a genus of bacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. [1] There are at least 27 plant associated Xanthomonas spp., that all together infect at least 400 plant species. Different species typically have specific host and/or tissue range and colonization strategies.
The fruit of the pepper is infected through the stem giving way to water soaked areas on the fruit that are overgrown by signs of the pathogen which appear as, "white-gray, cottony, fungal-like growth" . The fruit mummifies and stays attached to the stem. [5] P. capsici blight on lower stem of a bell pepper plant.
Strains of plant pathogenic bacteria becoming resistant to chemicals contributes to the difficulty of managing bacterial leaf spot disease. An example is Xanthomanos vesicatoria , which causes bacterial spot of tomato and pepper, that is now resistant to streptomycin .
Like any outdoor plant, bell peppers are not exempt from pests and diseases! Spider mites and aphids are common pests that affect peppers, especially those grown in protected environments.
The bacteria progress through the vascular system to the young stems and leaves, where the disease manifests as V-shaped chlorotic to necrotic lesions extending from the leaf margins. Under humid conditions, bacteria present in guttation droplets can be spread by wind, rain, water splashes, and mechanical equipment to neighboring plants.
A view of an infected pepper . Colletotrichum capsici has a broad host range but prefers peppers, yams and eggplants. On chili peppers, Capsicum annuum L., C. capsici infect the stem, fruit, and leaves of the plant, causing anthracnose, die-back and ripe fruit rot.