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Klebsiella aerogenes, [2] previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes, is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, citrate-positive, indole-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. [3] Capable of motility via peritrichous flagella, [ 4 ] it is approximately one to three microns in length.
Urinary tract infection in pediatric patients is a significant clinical issue, affecting approximately 7% of fevered infants and children. [43] If left untreated, the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys, resulting in acute pyelonephritis, which leads to hypertension , kidney scarring , and end-stage kidney disease .
Nitrofurantoin cannot be used to treat infections other than simple cystitis. At the concentrations achieved in urine (>100 μg/mL), nitrofurantoin is a bactericide. It is bacteriostatic against most susceptible organisms at concentrations less than 32 μg/mL. [9] Nitrofurantoin and the quinolone antibiotics are mutually antagonistic in vitro ...
In Klebsiella pneumoniae, the lack of either OmpK35 or OmpK36 leads to carbapenem resistance, but with the lack of both proteins, a high level of resistance is present. [24] An observed 32- to 64-fold increase in minimum inhibitory concentrations occurs for the carbapenems when both proteins are not expressed. [24]
Klebsiella organisms can lead to a wide range of disease states, notably pneumonia, urinary tract infections, sepsis, meningitis, diarrhea, peritonitis and soft tissue infections. [ 6 ] [ 11 ] Klebsiella species have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthropathies . [ 12 ]
In young children, the only symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) may be a fever. [28] Because of the lack of more obvious symptoms, when females under the age of two or uncircumcised males less than a year exhibit a fever, a culture of the urine is recommended by many medical associations. [ 28 ]
If symptoms are present, treatment is generally with antibiotics. [3] Bacteriuria without symptoms generally does not require treatment. [ 4 ] Exceptions may include pregnant women , those who have had a recent kidney transplant , young children with significant vesicoureteral reflux , and those undergoing surgery of the urinary tract .
The genus Klebsiella was named after the German microbiologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913). [citation needed] It is also known as Friedlander's bacillum in honor of Carl Friedländer, a German pathologist, who proposed that this bacterium was the etiological factor for the pneumonia seen especially in immunocompromised individuals such as people with chronic diseases or alcoholics.