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Left ventricular mass can be further estimated based on geometric assumptions of ventricular shape using the measured wall thickness and internal diameter. [7] Average thickness of the left ventricle, with numbers given as 95% prediction interval for the short axis images at the mid-cavity level are: [ 8 ]
[1] [4] left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is defined as an abnormal increase in LVM, an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. [5] [6] [7] LVM is also an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease even within the normal limits. [8]
Weight reduction – through physical activity and dietary modification, as obesity is a risk factor for heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Effective weight management has been shown to significantly improve the heart's functional status and reduce the risk of all-cause mortality. [5]
The diagnosis of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is usually made by echocardiographic assessment and is defined as a peak left ventricular outflow tract gradient of ≥ 30 mmHg. [35] Another, non-obstructive variant of HCM is apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM or ApHCM), [37] also called Yamaguchi syndrome.
Modalities applied to measurement of ejection fraction is an emerging field of medical mathematics and subsequent computational applications. The first common measurement method is echocardiography, [7] [8] although cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [8] [9] cardiac computed tomography, [8] [9] ventriculography and nuclear medicine (gated SPECT and radionuclide angiography) [8] [10 ...
Ventricular hypertrophy can result from a variety of conditions, both adaptive and maladaptive. For example, it occurs in what is regarded as a physiologic, adaptive process in pregnancy in response to increased blood volume; but can also occur as a consequence of ventricular remodeling following a heart attack .
In this condition, the walls of the left and/or right ventricles of the heart become thin and stretched. [29] In the other types, the heart's left ventricle becomes abnormally thick. Hypertrophy is usually what causes left ventricular enlargement. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is typically an inherited condition. [30]
Left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular remodeling [5] Diminished coronary flow reserve and silent myocardial ischemia [5] Coronary heart disease and accelerated atherosclerosis [5] Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (HFNEF), [6] often termed diastolic heart failure [5]