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The 12"/50 caliber gun Mark 8 was a US naval gun mounted on the Alaska-class cruiser. The gun, like the "large cruiser" that mounted it, was intended to fill the gap between US "heavy cruisers" (6-8") and US battleships (14-16"). The name describes the size of the shells, 12 inches in diameter, and the length of the bore in calibers (50 bore ...
The guns mounted in the Virginia-class battleships were in an unusual two-level turret with the 8-inch (203 mm)/45 caliber guns on top of the larger 12-inch guns. This arrangement ultimately proved unsuccessful but helped the Navy in the successful development of superfiring turrets later used in the dreadnought South Carolina. [1]
The US Navy tried to save weight and deck space, and allow the much faster firing 8-inch to shoot during the long reload time necessary for 12-inch guns by superposing secondary gun turrets directly on top of the primary turrets (as in the Kearsarge and Virginia-class battleships), but the idea proved to be practically unworkable and was soon ...
12"/35 caliber gun United States: 1896-1920 305 mm (12.0 in) 12"/40 caliber gun United States: World War I 305 mm (12.0 in) 12"/45 caliber Mark 5 gun United States: World War I 305 mm (12.0 in) 12 inch/50 caliber naval gun United States Argentina: World War I - World War II - Cold War 305 mm (12.0 in) 12"/50 caliber Mark 8 gun United States
The 12"/50 caliber Mark 7 gun (spoken "twelve-inch-fifty-caliber") was a United States Navy's naval gun that first entered service in 1912. Initially designed for use with the Wyoming class of dreadnought battleships, the Mark 7 also armed the Argentine Navy's Rivadavia-class battleships. [1] [2]
The 12-inch (305 mm)/45-caliber Mark 5 naval gun was designed as an incremental improvement upon the preceding American naval gun, the 12-inch/40-caliber gun Mark 4. [1] As such, it was a very similar weapon, having been lengthened by 5 calibers to allow for improved muzzle velocity, range, and penetrating power.
Gun No. 9, mounted in Iowa ' s forward turret in the left-hand position, was damaged on 9 April 1903, off Pensacola, Florida, when the chase, forward of the "D" hoop, was blown off during target practice. The gun had been assembled in 1895 at the US Naval Gun Factory. The gun had fired 127 rounds with the accident happening on the 128th round.
Owing to the interchangeability of the guns, the battleships fitted with the 14-inch/45-caliber guns often had guns of various Marks installed on each turret. [ 3 ] In the 1930s, the Mark 1, 2, 3, and 5 were upgraded to allow for increased charges and muzzle velocities, resulting in the Mark 8, 9, 10, and 12, respectively.