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The Temple of Castor and Pollux (Italian: Tempio dei Dioscuri) is an ancient temple in the Roman Forum, Rome, Central Italy. [1] It was originally built in gratitude for victory at the Battle of Lake Regillus (495 BC). Castor and Pollux (Greek Polydeuces) were the Dioscuri, the "twins" of Gemini, the twin sons of Zeus and Leda.
The Temple of Saturn, Arch of Septimius Severus, and Temple of Vespasian and Titus. Altar of Saturn (Ara Saturni), much older than the associated Temple of Saturn; Arch of Augustus (29 BC), commemorated the Battle of Actium (31 BC) Arch of Fabius (Fornix Fabianus; 121 BC), earliest triumphal arch in the Forum; Arch of Tiberius (16 AD)
Castor [a] and Pollux [b] (or Polydeuces) [c] are twin half-brothers in Greek and Roman mythology, known together as the Dioscuri or Dioskouroi. [d]Their mother was Leda, but they had different fathers; Castor was the mortal son of Tyndareus, the king of Sparta, while Pollux was the divine son of Zeus, who seduced Leda in the guise of a swan. [2]
The re-assembled remains of the Temples of "Castor and Pollux". North of Temple L is the "Temple of the Dioscuri," Castor and Pollux, the northwest corner of which is in a misleading modern reconstruction from the early 19th century, created using pieces from various other temples. It includes four columns and an entablature.
At the top of the cordonata are the statues of the Dioscuri, the marble renditions of Castor and Pollux, from the Temple of Castor and Pollux, and two statues of marble weapons from the it:Ninfeo di Alessandro (Mario's Trophies) of the Piazza Vittorio. [14] [15]
The Battle of Lake Regillus was a legendary Roman victory over the Latin League shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic and as part of a wider Latin War.The Latins were led by an elderly Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last King of Rome, who had been expelled in 509 BC, and his son-in-law, Octavius Mamilius, the dictator of Tusculum.
The village may have been the location of a temple to the Gemini twins, Castor and Pollux. The forces of Otho met the forces of Vitellius there. It was one of three early victories for Otho (the first being in the Alps and the second being near Placentia ), but Vitellius was eventually the victor at Betriacum.
Map of central Rome during the Roman Empire showing Vicus Tuscus at the center. Vicus Tuscus ("Etruscan Street" or "Tuscan Street") was an ancient street in the city of Rome, running southwest out of the Roman Forum between the Basilica Julia and the Temple of Castor and Pollux towards the Forum Boarium and Circus Maximus via the west side of the Palatine Hill and Velabrum.