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  2. Potentiometric sensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometric_sensor

    A potentiometric sensor is a type of chemical sensor that may be used to determine the analytical concentration of some components of the analyte gas or solution. These sensors measure the electrical potential of an electrode when no current is present.

  3. Potentiometric titration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometric_titration

    Reference electrodes generally used are hydrogen electrodes, calomel electrodes, and silver chloride electrodes. The indicator electrode forms an electrochemical half-cell with the interested ions in the test solution. The reference electrode forms the other half-cell. The overall electric potential is calculated as

  4. Electroanalytical methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroanalytical_methods

    Potentiometry passively measures the potential of a solution between two electrodes, affecting the solution very little in the process. One electrode is called the reference electrode and has a constant potential, while the other one is an indicator electrode whose potential changes with the sample's composition. Therefore, the difference in ...

  5. pH meter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_meter

    The design of the electrodes is the key part: These are rod-like structures usually made of glass, with a bulb containing the sensor at the bottom. The glass electrode for measuring the pH has a glass bulb specifically designed to be selective to hydrogen-ion concentration.

  6. Ion-selective electrode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-selective_electrode

    An ion-selective electrode (ISE), also known as a specific ion electrode (SIE), is a simple membrane-based potentiometric device which measures the activity of ions in solution. [1] It is a transducer (or sensor) that converts the change in the concentration of a specific ion dissolved in a solution into an electrical potential. ISE is a type ...

  7. Reference electrode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_electrode

    To focus on the reaction at the working electrode, the reference electrode is standardized with constant (buffered or saturated) concentrations of each participant of the redox reaction. [1] There are many ways reference electrodes are used. The simplest is when the reference electrode is used as a half-cell to build an electrochemical cell.

  8. Electrical conductivity meter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductivity_meter

    The liquid passing through a channel in the sensor forms one turn in the secondary winding of the transformer. The induced current is the output of the sensor. Another way is to use four-electrode conductivity sensors that are made from corrosion-resistant materials.

  9. Electrochemical stripping analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping...

    Cathodic stripping voltammetry is a voltammetric method for quantitative determination of specific ionic species. [6] It is similar to the trace analysis method anodic stripping voltammetry, except that for the plating step, the potential is held at an oxidizing potential, and the oxidized species are stripped from the electrode by sweeping the potential negatively.