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The sternocostal joints, also known as sternochondral joints or costosternal articulations, are synovial plane joints of the costal cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum. [1] The only exception is the first rib , which has a synchondrosis joint since the cartilage is directly united with the sternum. [ 1 ]
Anatomy of the costal cartilage. Costochondritis typically presents unilaterally (one side), which is typically the left side. [4] It affects primarily the 2nd to 5th ribs at the sternocostal and costochondral joints. [1] The most commonly reported symptom of costochondritis is chest pain that is often exacerbated by movement and deep breathing.
The sternum (pl.: sternums or sterna) or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest.It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury.
The interchondral articulations are the joints formed between the costal cartilages of the ribs. The contiguous borders of the sixth, seventh, and eighth, and sometimes those of the ninth and tenth, costal cartilages articulate with each other by small, smooth, oblong facets.
The costochondral joints are the joints between the ribs and costal cartilage in the front of the rib cage. They are hyaline cartilaginous joints (i.e. synchondrosis or primary cartilagenous joint). Each rib has a depression shaped like a cup that the costal cartilage articulates with. There is normally no movement at these joints.
The articulations of the heads of the ribs (or costocentral articulations) constitute a series of gliding or arthrodial joints, and are formed by the articulation of the heads of the typical ribs with the costal facets on the contiguous margins of the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and with the intervertebral discs between them; the first, eleventh and twelfth ribs each articulate with a ...
The intraarticular sternocostal ligament is a horizontal fibrocartilaginous plate in the center of the second sternocostal joint. It connects the tip of the costal cartilage to the fibrous junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum , dividing the joint into two parts.
The clavicular head flexes the humerus, and the sternocostal head adducts the humerus. As a whole the action is to adduct and medially rotate the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. The pectoralis major has four actions which are primarily responsible for movement of the shoulder joint. [7]