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The Circuit Value Problem — the problem of computing the output of a given Boolean circuit on a given input string — is a P-complete decision problem. [ 3 ] : 119 Therefore, this problem is considered to be "inherently sequential" in the sense that there is likely no efficient, highly parallel algorithm that solves the problem.
Race condition in a logic circuit. Here, ∆t 1 and ∆t 2 represent the propagation delays of the logic elements. When the input value A changes from low to high, the circuit outputs a short spike of duration (∆t 1 + ∆t 2) − ∆t 2 = ∆t 1.
The utilization of the binary properties of electrical switches to perform logic functions is the basic concept that underlies all electronic digital computer designs. Shannon's thesis became the foundation of practical digital circuit design when it became widely known among the electrical engineering community during and after World War II.
Logic gates can be made from quantum mechanical effects, see quantum logic gate. Photonic logic gates use nonlinear optical effects. In principle any method that leads to a gate that is functionally complete (for example, either a NOR or a NAND gate) can be used to make any kind of digital logic circuit. Note that the use of 3-state logic for ...
In digital logic, a hazard is an undesirable effect caused by either a deficiency in the system or external influences in both synchronous [citation needed] and asynchronous circuits. [ 1 ] : 43 Logic hazards are manifestations of a problem in which changes in the input variables do not change the output correctly due to some form of delay ...
The output of a logic gate can, in turn, control or feed into more logic gates. Another form of digital circuit is constructed from lookup tables, (many sold as "programmable logic devices", though other kinds of PLDs exist). Lookup tables can perform the same functions as machines based on logic gates, but can be easily reprogrammed without ...
Take the median from a sorting network, where each compare-and-swap "wire" is simply an OR gate and an AND gate. The Ajtai–Komlós–Szemerédi (AKS) construction is an example. Combine the outputs of smaller majority circuits. [4] Derandomize the Valiant proof of a monotone formula. [5]
Circuits of this kind provide a generalization of Boolean circuits and a mathematical model for digital logic circuits. Circuits are defined by the gates they contain and the values the gates can produce. For example, the values in a Boolean circuit are Boolean values, and the circuit includes conjunction, disjunction, and negation gates.