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A binary-to-text encoding is encoding of data in plain text.More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of printable characters.These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the communication channel does not allow binary data (such as email or NNTP) or is not 8-bit clean.
For example, bcrypt cannot be used to derive a 512-bit key from a password. At the same time, algorithms like pbkdf2, scrypt, and argon2 are password-based key derivation functions - where the output is then used for the purpose of password hashing rather than just key derivation. Password hashing generally needs to complete < 1000 ms.
Base64 is particularly prevalent on the World Wide Web [1] where one of its uses is the ability to embed image files or other binary assets inside textual assets such as HTML and CSS files. [2] Base64 is also widely used for sending e-mail attachments, because SMTP – in its original form – was designed to transport 7-bit ASCII characters ...
Argon2 is a key derivation function that was selected as the winner of the 2015 Password Hashing Competition. [1] [2] It was designed by Alex Biryukov, Daniel Dinu, and Dmitry Khovratovich from the University of Luxembourg. [3]
In the context of an HTTP transaction, basic access authentication is a method for an HTTP user agent (e.g. a web browser) to provide a user name and password when making a request. In basic HTTP authentication, a request contains a header field in the form of Authorization: Basic <credentials> , where <credentials> is the Base64 encoding of ID ...
MurmurHash is a non-cryptographic hash function suitable for general hash-based lookup. [1] [2] [3] It was created by Austin Appleby in 2008 [4] and, as of 8 January 2016, [5] is hosted on GitHub along with its test suite named SMHasher.
These permissions can usually be adjusted only after authenticating with the password. This can be a useful form of delegation of authorization, for example, when creating programs that will access the remote system. The PAT will typically be stored in a location accessible to the program, and therefore not typically as secure as a password.
As only the salted and hashed version of a password is used in the whole login process, and the salt on the server doesn't change, a client storing passwords can store the hashed versions, and not expose the clear text password to attackers. Such hashed versions are bound to one server, which makes this useful on password reuse. [12]