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Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome of the kidney that is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function, [4] [5] (usually a 50% decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) within 3 months) [5] with glomerular crescent formation seen in at least 50% [5] or 75% [4] of glomeruli seen on kidney biopsies.
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys). Many of the diseases are characterised by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hence the name, [ 1 ] but not all diseases necessarily have an inflammatory component.
The neutrophils bind to p-ANCAs and subsequently release inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and lytic enzymes that cause endothelial injury resulting to inflammation and necrosis of the small vessels. [4] The damage that is caused in the kidneys is specifically called necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis. [5]
Nephritic syndrome is a syndrome comprising signs of nephritis, which is kidney disease involving inflammation. It often occurs in the glomerulus, where it is called glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation and thinning of the glomerular basement membrane and the occurrence of small pores in the podocytes of the ...
[1] [2] In the setting of systemic vasculitis as described above, proliferative nephritis is associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) . [ 3 ] Because of this, an ANCA test should always follow a negative immunofluorescence result to have the highest accuracy for confirming pauci-immune vasculitis-driven proliferative nephritis.
The cause of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) depends on the severity of the disease. DPGN is a secondary disease, in that a disease that a patient already has causes DPGN to occur. The most common associated disease of DPGN is severe systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). [4] Specifically, Lupus nephritis class IV. [5]
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English: What is rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN; crescentic glomerulonephritis)? RPGN's a syndrome of the kidney that's characterized by proliferation of epithelial cells that form a crescent shape, and these changes can ultimately lead to acute renal failure.