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The influenza B virus genome is 14,548 nucleotides long and consists of eight segments of linear negative-sense, single-stranded RNA.The multipartite genome is encapsidated, each segment in a separate nucleocapsid, and the nucleocapsids are surrounded by one envelope.
Influenza B viruses contribute to seasonal epidemics alongside influenza A viruses but have never been associated with a pandemic. [23] Influenza C virus, like influenza B virus, is primarily found in humans, though it has been detected in pigs, feral dogs, dromedary camels, cattle, and dogs.
Influenza B virus is almost exclusively a human pathogen, and is less common than influenza A. The only other animal known to be susceptible to influenza B infection is the seal. [47] This type of influenza mutates at a rate 2–3 times lower than type A [48] and consequently is less genetically diverse, with only one influenza B serotype. [26]
The 1889–1890 pandemic, often referred to as the Asiatic flu [53] or Russian flu, killed about 1 million people [54] [55] out of a world population of about 1.5 billion. It was long believed to be caused by an influenza A subtype (most often H2N2), but recent analysis largely brought on by the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak and the COVID-19 pandemic ...
There are four different types of influenza virus: A, B, C, and D. Influenza C usually causes only mild illness while D mostly affects animals, especially cattle. The influenza A and B versions ...
High dietary intake of green tea (specifically, catechins and theanine that is found in tea products) has been correlated with reduced risk of contracting influenza, as well as having an antiviral effect upon types A and B. [57] [58] [59] Specifically, the high levels of epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin ...
The following is a list of WHO recommended strains for the Northern Hemisphere influenza season. Starting in the 2012–2013 season, the recommendation shifted to include the composition of a quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) that contains both influenza B lineages, alongside a trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) containing one influenza B lineage.
The influenza vaccine is indicated for active immunization for the prevention of influenza disease caused by influenza virus subtypes A and type B contained in the vaccine. [74] [75] [76] The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the flu vaccine as the best way to protect people against the flu and prevent its spread. [77]