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Electrophoretic coating began to take its current shape in the late 1950s, when Dr. George E. F. Brewer and the Ford Motor Company team began working on developing the process for the coating of automobiles. The first commercial anodic automotive system began operations in 1963.
Chemical coloring of metals is the process of changing the color of metal surfaces with different chemical solutions. The chemical coloring of metals can be split into three types: electroplating – coating the metal surface with another metal using electrolysis. patination – chemically reacting the metal surface to form a colored oxide or ...
The bilayers and wash steps can be performed in many different ways including dip coating, spin-coating, spray-coating, flow based techniques and electro-magnetic techniques. [1] The preparation method distinctly impacts the properties of the resultant films, allowing various applications to be realized. [ 1 ]
One such example is the formation of silver chloride on silver wire in chloride solutions to make silver/silver-chloride (AgCl) electrodes. Electropolishing, a process that uses an electric current to selectively remove the outermost layer from the surface of a metal object, is the reverse of the process of electroplating. [1]
PVD coatings have the ability to utilize virtually any type of inorganic and some organic coating materials on an equally diverse group of substrates and surfaces using a wide variety of finishes. PVD processes are often more environmentally friendly than traditional coating processes such as electroplating and painting. [7]
Electron-beam physical vapor deposition, however, yields a high deposition rate from 0.1 to 100 μm/min at relatively low substrate temperatures, with very high material utilization efficiency. The schematic of an EBPVD system is shown in Fig 1. Fig 1. Electromagnetic alignment. The ingot is held at a positive potential relative to the filament.
1. Illustration of electrophoresis. 2. Illustration of electrophoresis retardation. Electrophoresis is the motion of charged dispersed particles or dissolved charged molecules relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. As a rule, these are zwitterions. [1]
Electroless deposition is an important process in the electronic industry for metallization of substrates. Other metallization of substrates also include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and electroplating which produce thin metal films but require high temperature, vacuum, and a power source respectively. [20]