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The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia. There were 78 convoys between August 1941 and May 1945, [1] sailing via several seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans ...
A convoy was defined as at least one merchant ship sailing under the protection of at least one warship. [11] At first the British had intended to run convoys to Russia on a forty-day cycle (the number of days between convoy departures) during the winter of 1941–1942 but this was shortened to a ten-day cycle.
Russian map showing Arctic convoy routes from Britain and Iceland, past Norway to the Barents Sea and northern Russian ports After Operation Barbarossa , the German invasion of the USSR, began on 22 June 1941, the UK and USSR signed an agreement in July that they would "render each other assistance and support of all kinds in the present war ...
The small number of Russian ships available to meet Arctic convoys, losses inflicted by Luftflotte 5 based in Norway and the presence of the German battleship Tirpitz in Norway from early 1942, had led to a large number of ships full of supplies to Russia becoming stranded at the west end and empty and damaged ships waiting at the east end. [3]
Pages in category "North Atlantic convoys of World War II" The following 99 pages are in this category, out of 99 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
Convoy PQ 16 (21–30 May 1942) was an Arctic convoy of British, United States and Allied ships from Iceland to Murmansk and Archangelsk in the Soviet Union during the Second World War. The convoy was the largest yet and was provided with a considerable number of escorts and submarines. QP 12, a return convoy, sailed on the same day
RN Atlantic convoy escort (23 September 1943 – 25 March 1944) RN: HMS Tracker (CVE/BAVG-6/D24) RN Atlantic convoy escort of military convoy from Gibraltar to UK (30 Sept – 7 October 1943) Convoy MKF24 RN: HMS Attacker (CVE-7/D02) Air Squadrons 886 and 879; USN transport of aircraft and aircrews in Pacific (Oct 1943 – September 1945) USN:
early sailings every 5th merged OA/OB convoy became an OG convoy at sea - later OG convoys sailed from Liverpool ON: Liverpool to Halifax Harbour: 26 July 1941 27 May 1945 307 replaced OB convoys for North American destinations - alternate convoys included slower ships until the ONS convoys started ONS: Liverpool to Halifax Harbour: 15 March 1943