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Fibrosis, also known as fibrotic scarring, is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue. [1] [2]
[1] [3] Diagnosis may be based on symptoms, medical imaging, lung biopsy, and lung function tests. [1] No cure exists and treatment options are limited. [1] Treatment is directed toward improving symptoms and may include oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. [1] [4] Certain medications may slow the scarring. [4] Lung transplantation may ...
It is a type of chronic pulmonary fibrosis characterized by a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function. [6] [3] [4] The tissue in the lungs becomes thick and stiff, which affects the tissue that surrounds the air sacs in the lungs. [7] Symptoms typically include gradual onset of shortness of breath and a dry cough. [1]
Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, [2] resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity.
The death of neurons leads to a so-called softening of the cerebrum in the affected area. [citation needed] [3] Hemorrhage: Intracerebral hemorrhage occurs in deep penetrating vessels and disrupts the connecting pathways, causing a localized pressure injury and in turn injury to brain tissue in the affected area.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), [3] is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue) and space around the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. [4] It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. It ...
The differential diagnosis includes other types of lung disease that cause similar symptoms and show similar abnormalities on chest radiographs. Some of these diseases cause fibrosis, scarring or honeycomb change. The most common considerations include: chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis; non-specific interstitial pneumonia; sarcoidosis
Brain injury will commonly be accompanied by acute swelling, which impairs function in brain tissue that remains alive. Resolution of swelling is an important factor for the individual's function to improve. The greatest factor in functional recovery after brain injury comes from the brain's ability to learn, called neuroplasticity. After ...