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Hence the Egyptian and Turkish units split from each other in value, with the Egyptian unit continuing its exchange value of 97.5 piastres to the pound sterling. In 1885, Egypt went into a purely gold standard , and the Egyptian pound unit, known as the juneih , was introduced at E£1 = 7.4375 grammes of fine gold.
Change in per capita GDP of Egypt, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars. From the 1850s until the 1930s, Egypt's economy was heavily reliant on long-staple cotton, introduced in the mid-1820s during the reign of Muhammad Ali (1805–49) and made possible by the switch from basin irrigation to perennial, modern irrigation. [25]
A currency pair is the quotation of the relative value of a currency unit against the unit of another currency in the foreign exchange market.The currency that is used as the reference is called the counter currency, quote currency, or currency [1] and the currency that is quoted in relation is called the base currency or transaction currency.
The currency of Egypt is the Egyptian pound (E£ or ج.م – abbreviated to "LE" or "L.E." – livre égyptienne, "Egyptian pound" in French). The pound is divided into 100 piastres. The approximate official exchange rate for US$1 is E£49.57 as of November 2024. The Central Bank of Egypt controls the circulation of currency.
In 1834, a decree was realised stating the forging of an Egyptian currency based on the two metals (gold and silver). In accordance with said decree, the minting of a currency in the shape of gold and silver Riyals began. In 1836, the Egyptian pound was first introduced and it became open for public use. [4]
However, in 1956 the Sudan became independent, and on 8 April 1957, the Egyptian pound was replaced at par with the Sudanese pound. During the 1960s, the Sudanese pound diverged in value from the Egyptian pound, and from 30 December 1969 through until 21 September 1971, the Sudanese pound was pegged at 1:1 parity with the pound sterling.
The market convention is to quote most exchange rates against the USD with the US dollar as the base currency (e.g. USDJPY, USDCAD, USDCHF). The exceptions are the British pound (GBP), Australian dollar (AUD), the New Zealand dollar (NZD) and the euro (EUR) where the USD is the counter currency (e.g. GBPUSD, AUDUSD, NZDUSD, EURUSD).
The United Kingdom's pound sterling was the primary reserve currency of much of the world in the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. [1] However, by the middle of the 20th century, the United States dollar had become the world's dominant reserve currency. [2] Worldwide use of the US dollar: