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  2. Intravenous therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_therapy

    Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth.

  3. Management of heart failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_heart_failure

    The same review suggested that clinicians still choosing to restrict fluid intake for patients with HF should consider an individualized fluid prescription, potentially based on patient body weight, sodium intake, and likelihood of adherence. [7]

  4. Fluid replacement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_replacement

    Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. . Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tis

  5. Volume expander - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_expander

    The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood . [3] Ringer's lactate or Ringer's acetate is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement. The choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical properties of ...

  6. Route of administration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration

    In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. [1] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based ...

  7. Oral rehydration therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_rehydration_therapy

    In 1831, William Brooke O'Shaughnessy noted the changes in blood composition and loss of water and salt in the stool of people with cholera and prescribed intravenous fluid therapy (IV fluids). The prescribing of hypertonic IV therapy decreased the mortality rate of cholera to 40%, from 70%. In the West, IV therapy became the "gold standard ...

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  9. Intraosseous infusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraosseous_infusion

    Intraosseous infusion (IO) is the process of injecting medication, fluids, or blood products directly into the bone marrow; [1] this provides a non-collapsible entry point into the systemic venous system. [2] The intraosseous infusion technique is used to provide fluids and medication when intravenous access is not