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Treatment depends on the type of porphyria and the person's symptoms. [2] Treatment of porphyria of the skin generally involves the avoidance of sunlight, while treatment for acute porphyria may involve giving intravenous heme or a glucose solution. [2] Rarely, a liver transplant may be carried out. [2]
Hepatic porphyrias is a form of porphyria in which toxic porphyrin molecules build up in the liver. Hepatic porphyrias can result from a number of different enzyme deficiencies. [1] Examples include (in order of synthesis pathway): [citation needed] Acute intermittent porphyria; Porphyria cutanea tarda and Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (or commonly called EPP) is a form of porphyria, which varies in severity and can be very painful.It arises from a deficiency in the enzyme ferrochelatase, leading to abnormally high levels of protoporphyrin in the red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, skin, and liver. [2]
Givosiran, sold under the brand name Givlaari, is a medication used for the treatment of adults with acute hepatic porphyria. [3] [6] [7] [8] Givosiran is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed towards delta-aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1), [9] an important enzyme in the production of heme.
Porphyria cutanea tarda is the most common subtype of porphyria. [1] The disease is named because it is a porphyria that often presents with skin manifestations later in life. The disorder results from low levels of the enzyme responsible for the fifth step in heme production. Heme is a vital molecule for all of the body's organs.
Variegate porphyria has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Mutations in the PPOX gene cause variegate porphyria. [4] The PPOX gene makes a membrane bound mitochondrial enzyme called protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which is critical to the chemical process that leads to heme production. The activity of this enzyme is reduced by 50 percent ...
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare metabolic disorder affecting the production of heme resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase. It is the most common of the acute porphyrias .
Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) is a disorder of heme biosynthesis, classified as an acute hepatic porphyria. [1] HCP is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme coproporphyrinogen oxidase, coded for by the CPOX gene, and is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, although homozygous individuals have been identified.