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The president of India is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces, while the elected prime minister acts as the head of the executive and is responsible for running the Union government. [10] The parliament is bicameral in nature, with the Lok Sabha being the lower house, and the Rajya Sabha the upper house.
This federalism is symmetrical in that the devolved powers of the constituent units are envisioned to be the same. Historically, the state of Jammu and Kashmir was accorded a status different from other States owing to an explicitly temporary provision of the Indian Constitution namely Article 370 (which was revoked by the Parliament in 2019). [1]
Federalist No. 13 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the thirteenth of The Federalist Papers. [1] It was first published in The Independent Journal (New York) on November 28, 1787, under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. [2] It is titled "Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in ...
Byju's is an education tutoring app that runs on a freemium model, [30] with free access to content limited for 15 days after the registration. [30] [31] It was launched in August 2015, [32] offering educational content for students from classes 4 to 12. [33]
10 2 June 2001: 5 March 2002: 276 days Loss of majority. [75] Meghalaya: 1 11 October 1991: 5 February 1992: 117 days The Centre imposed president's rule in Meghalaya in the wake of a political crisis after the then Speaker PR Kyndiah suspended five MLAs, mostly independents, on grounds of defection. [76] [77] 2 19 March 2009: 13 May 2009: 56 days
These provisions relate to certain matters concerning the federal structure or of common interest to both the Union and the States viz., the election of the President (articles 54 and 55); the extent of the executive power of the Union and the States (articles 73 and 162); the High Courts for Union territories (article 241); The Union Judiciary ...
A law to amend the constitution is a law for the purposes of Article 13. Article 13 prevents the passing of laws which "take away or abridge" the Fundamental Rights provisions. Article 368 does not contain a power to amend the constitution but only a procedure. The power to amend comes from the normal legislative power of Parliament.
According to Article 13: All pre-constitutional laws, if they conflict wholly or in part with the constitution, shall have all conflicting provisions deemed ineffective until an amendment to the constitution ends the conflict; the law will again come into force if it is compatible with the constitution as amended (the Doctrine of Eclipse).