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Electric resistance welding (ERW) is a welding process in which metal parts in contact are permanently joined by heating them with an electric current, melting the metal at the joint. [1] Electric resistance welding is widely used, for example, in manufacture of steel pipe and in assembly of bodies for automobiles. [ 2 ]
Radio-frequency welding, also known as dielectric welding and high-frequency welding, is a plastic welding process that utilizes high-frequency electric fields to induce heating and melting of thermoplastic base materials. [1] The electric field is applied by a pair of electrodes after the parts being joined are clamped together.
Air acetylene welding (321) AAW Chemical welding process, not popular Limited Oxyacetylene welding: 311: OAW Combustion of acetylene with oxygen produces high-temperature flame, inexpensive equipment Maintenance, repair Oxygen/Propane welding 312: Gas welding with oxygen/propane flame Oxyhydrogen welding: 313: OHW
Dies are used to direct the welding process. When the press comes together, high frequency waves (usually 27.120 MHz) are passed through the small area between the die and the table where the weld takes place. This high frequency (radio frequency) heats the plastic which welds under pressure, taking the shape of the die.
The apparatus used for induction welding processes includes a radio frequency power generator, a heating station, the work piece material, and a cooling system. The power generator comes in either the form of solid state or vacuum tube and is used to provide an alternating current of 230-340 V or a frequency of 50–60 Hz to the system.
One of the most popular, ultrasonic welding, is used to connect thin sheets or wires made of metal or thermoplastic by vibrating them at high frequency and under high pressure. [50] The equipment and methods involved are similar to that of resistance welding, but instead of electric current, vibration provides energy input.
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Because of the consistency of the electrofusion welding process in creating strong joints, it is commonly employed for the construction and repair of gas-carrying pipelines. [2] The development of the joint strength is affected by several process parameters, and a consistent joining procedure is necessary for the creation of strong joints.