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Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia, premedication before surgical anesthesia, and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation. [12] It induces sleepiness, decreases anxiety, and causes anterograde amnesia. [12]
Additionally, IV sedation is frequently administered as a concoction of several agents including those previously mentioned for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, as well as a benzodiazepine (usually midazolam, but temazepam or flunitrazepam are also used via the oral route [4]) and a narcotic/systemic analgesic such as demerol or fentanyl.
Fentanyl is used to help relieve shortness of breath when patients cannot tolerate morphine, or whose breathlessness is refractory to morphine. Fentanyl is useful for such treatment in palliative care settings where pain and shortness of breath are severe and need to be treated with strong opioids.
Fentanyl is still involved in most cases, but the latest data shows that annual deaths are down 22% compared with a year earlier. There were about 58,000 deaths involving synthetic opioids in the ...
It provides no analgesia, so it was commonly used with fentanyl for effective PSA prior to propofol and etomidate. Midazolam collects in the body's fatty tissues, so a possible complication includes prolonged sedation. As a result, the elderly, the obese, and those with kidney or liver disease are more vulnerable to prolonged sedation with ...
Sedation scales are used in medical situations in conjunction with a medical history in assessing the applicable degree of sedation in patients in order to avoid under-sedation (the patient risks experiencing pain or distress) and over-sedation (the patient risks side effects such as suppression of breathing, which might lead to death).
Fentanyl for systemic analgesia during intubation; Propofol for sedation for intubation; Switching from oxygen to a mixture of oxygen and inhalational anesthetic once intubation is complete; Laryngoscopy and intubation are both very stimulating. The process of induction blunts the response to these manoeuvres while simultaneously inducing a ...
Midazolam is metabolized in the liver and is excreted through the kidneys. [9] When midazolam is used alone, it has few side effects, but can cause respiratory depression if being used together with fentanyl. [8] Fentanyl – It is a synthetic, centrally-acting opioid. It suppresses pain and sympathetic stimulation.