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  2. List of cities in South America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../List_of_cities_in_South_America

    This list includes the fifty largest cities in South America by population within city limits, based on the most recent official census results, estimates, or short-term projections available for all of these cities, which refer to mid-2020 populations, except for those of Chilean cities (2017) and Venezuelan cities (2015).

  3. History of South America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_America

    The history of South America is the study of the past, particularly the written record, oral histories, and traditions, passed down from generation to generation on the continent of South America. The continent continues to be home to indigenous peoples, some of whom built high civilizations prior to the arrival of Europeans in the late 1400s ...

  4. South America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America

    The independence of South America was secured by Simón Bolívar (Venezuela) and José de San Martín (Argentina), the two most important Libertadores. Bolívar led a great uprising in the north, then led his army south towards Lima, the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Meanwhile, San Martín led an army across the Andes Mountains, along ...

  5. Spanish American wars of independence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of...

    The Battle of Ayacucho, in Peru, ensured the independence of South America in 1824. Under the command of Bolívar and Sucre, the experienced veterans of the combined army, mainly Colombians, destroyed a royalist army under La Serna's command in the Battle of Ayacucho on 9 December 1824. La Serna's army was numerically superior but consisted of ...

  6. Cartography of Latin America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartography_of_Latin_America

    Cartography of Latin America, map-making of the realms in the Western Hemisphere, was an important aim of European powers expanding into the New World. Both the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire began mapping the realms they explored and settled. They also speculated on the lands that were marked terra incognita. Indigenous groups ...

  7. Horizontal tricolor of blue, green and red with a brown outline of the state (bordered in yellow) in the center. The map is charged with seven stars spread unevenly inside the map, showing the location of the state's seven municipalities, alongside an outline of Cerro Autana and a Yanomami's face. Ratio 2:3. 1999–present Anzoátegui

  8. Colombia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia

    Colombia, [b] officially the Republic of Colombia, [c] is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Peru and Ecuador to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest.

  9. History of Latin America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Latin_America

    The failed efforts in Spanish America to keep together most of the initial large states that emerged from independence— Gran Colombia, the Federal Republic of Central America [20] and the United Provinces of South America—resulted a number of domestic and interstate conflicts, which plagued the new countries. Brazil, in contrast to its ...