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If the Markov chain is time-homogeneous, then the transition matrix P is the same after each step, so the k-step transition probability can be computed as the k-th power of the transition matrix, P k. If the Markov chain is irreducible and aperiodic, then there is a unique stationary distribution π. [41]
A game of snakes and ladders or any other game whose moves are determined entirely by dice is a Markov chain, indeed, an absorbing Markov chain. This is in contrast to card games such as blackjack, where the cards represent a 'memory' of the past moves. To see the difference, consider the probability for a certain event in the game.
In statistics, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a class of algorithms used to draw samples from a probability distribution. Given a probability distribution, one can construct a Markov chain whose elements' distribution approximates it – that is, the Markov chain's equilibrium distribution matches the target distribution. The more steps ...
In probability theory, a transition-rate matrix (also known as a Q-matrix, [1] intensity matrix, [2] or infinitesimal generator matrix [3]) is an array of numbers describing the instantaneous rate at which a continuous-time Markov chain transitions between states.
[1] [2] Such models are often described as M/G/1 type Markov chains because they can describe transitions in an M/G/1 queue. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The method is a more complicated version of the matrix geometric method and is the classical solution method for M/G/1 chains.
A Markov chain with two states, A and E. In probability, a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) is a sequence of random variables, known as a stochastic process, in which the value of the next variable depends only on the value of the current variable, and not any variables in the past.
A Tolerant Markov model (TMM) is a probabilistic-algorithmic Markov chain model. [6] It assigns the probabilities according to a conditioning context that considers the last symbol, from the sequence to occur, as the most probable instead of the true occurring symbol.
Another discrete-time process that may be derived from a continuous-time Markov chain is a δ-skeleton—the (discrete-time) Markov chain formed by observing X(t) at intervals of δ units of time. The random variables X (0), X (δ), X (2δ), ... give the sequence of states visited by the δ-skeleton.