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Formerly, some test strips were read (after timing and wiping away the blood sample) by visual comparison against a color chart printed on the vial label. Strips of this type are still used for urine glucose readings, but for blood glucose levels they are obsolete.
A glucose meter, also referred to as a "glucometer", [1] is a medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood. It can also be a strip of glucose paper dipped into a substance and measured to the glucose chart.
A standard urine test strip may comprise up to 10 different chemical pads or reagents which react (change color) when immersed in, and then removed from, a urine sample.The test can often be read in as little as 60 to 120 seconds after dipping, although certain tests require longer.
Test strips for glucose contain the enzyme glucose oxidase, which breaks down glucose and forms hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct. In the presence of a peroxidase enzyme, hydrogen peroxide reacts with a chromogen to induce a color change. [51] The presence of glucose in the urine is known as glycosuria.
The Dextrostix was developed about a decade earlier. It was a paper strip with chemistry immobilized onto it. When the paper strip was dipped into blood, it changed color to a shade of blue. The exact shade of blue was dependent on the level of glucose in the blood. [2] The meter weighed about 3 pounds and sold for $650.
Fasting prior to glucose testing may be required with some test types. Fasting blood sugar test, for example, requires 10–16 hour-long period of not eating before the test. [1] Blood sugar levels can be affected by some drugs and prior to some glucose tests these medications should be temporarily given up or their dosages should be decreased.
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