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The philosophical arguments in the abortion debate are deontological or rights -based. The view that all or almost all abortion should be illegal generally rests on the claims that (1) the existence and moral right to life of human beings (human organisms) begins at or near conception- fertilization; that (2) induced abortion is the deliberate ...
A Defense of Abortion is a moral philosophy essay by Judith Jarvis Thomson first published in Philosophy & Public Affairs in 1971. Granting for the sake of argument that the fetus has a right to life, Thomson uses thought experiments to argue that the right to life does not include, entail, or imply the right to use someone else's body to survive and that induced abortion is therefore morally ...
Before 1971, abortion was criminalized under Section 312 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, [8] describing it as intentionally "causing miscarriage". [9] Except in cases where abortion was carried out to save the life of the woman, it was a punishable offense and criminalized women/providers, with whoever voluntarily caused a woman with child to miscarry [10] facing three years in prison and/or a ...
The Mahanarayana Upanishad lists abortion with actions such as breaking one's vow of chastity. [2] Some Hindu scriptures assert that "abortion is a worse sin than killing one's parents" and another text says that "a woman who aborts her child will lose her status". [1] In general, Hinduism teaches the guiding principle of Ahimsa, abstention ...
Normative ethics. Normative ethics is the study of ethical behaviour and is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates questions regarding how one ought to act, in a moral sense. Normative ethics is distinct from meta-ethics in that the former examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions, whereas the latter studies ...
History of abortion law debate. In the earliest written sources, abortion is not considered as a general category of crime. Rather, specific kinds of abortion are prohibited, for various social and political reasons. In the earliest texts, it can be difficult to discern to what extent a particular religious injunction held force as secular law.
Dean Harris has noted that, if Kantian ethics is to be used in the discussion of abortion, it must be decided whether a fetus is an autonomous person. [101] Kantian ethicist Carl Cohen argues that the potential to be rational or participation in a generally rational species is the relevant distinction between humans and inanimate objects or ...
Sexual ethics (also known as sex ethics or sexual morality) is a branch of philosophy that considers the ethics or morality of sexual behavior. [1] Sexual ethics seeks to understand, evaluate and critique interpersonal relationships and sexual activities from social, cultural, and philosophical perspectives.