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Constraint programming. Constraint programming (CP)[1] is a paradigm for solving combinatorial problems that draws on a wide range of techniques from artificial intelligence, computer science, and operations research. In constraint programming, users declaratively state the constraints on the feasible solutions for a set of decision variables.
Nonlinear programming. In mathematics, nonlinear programming (NLP) is the process of solving an optimization problem where some of the constraints are not linear equalities or the objective function is not a linear function. An optimization problem is one of calculation of the extrema (maxima, minima or stationary points) of an objective ...
Variable binding occurs when that location is below the node n. In the lambda calculus, x is a bound variable in the term M = λx. T and a free variable in the term T. We say x is bound in M and free in T. If T contains a subterm λx. U then x is rebound in this term. This nested, inner binding of x is said to "shadow" the outer binding.
Slack variable. In an optimization problem, a slack variable is a variable that is added to an inequality constraint to transform it into an equality constraint. A non-negativity constraint on the slack variable is also added. [1]: 131. Slack variables are used in particular in linear programming.
Convolutional code. In telecommunication, a convolutional code is a type of error-correcting code that generates parity symbols via the sliding application of a boolean polynomial function to a data stream. The sliding application represents the 'convolution' of the encoder over the data, which gives rise to the term 'convolutional coding'.
Constraint satisfaction. In artificial intelligence and operations research, constraint satisfaction is the process of finding a solution through a set of constraints that impose conditions that the variables must satisfy. [1] A solution is therefore an assignment of values to the variables that satisfies all constraints—that is, a point in ...
In programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function [ a ] together with an environment. [ 1 ] The environment is a mapping associating each free variable of ...
Scope (computer science) In computer programming, the scope of a name binding (an association of a name to an entity, such as a variable) is the part of a program where the name binding is valid; that is, where the name can be used to refer to the entity. In other parts of the program, the name may refer to a different entity (it may have a ...