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Rabies is a viral disease that causes encephalitis in humans and other mammals. [ 1 ] It was historically referred to as hydrophobia ("fear of water") due to the symptom of panic when presented with liquids to drink. Early symptoms can include fever and abnormal sensations at the site of exposure. [ 1 ]
In the midwestern United States, skunks are the primary carriers of rabies. [44] The most widely distributed reservoir of rabies in the United States, however, and the source of most human cases in the U.S., are bats. All five of the human rabies cases in the Midwest from 2009 to 2018 were identified genetically as strains of rabies from bats. [51]
Animals with "dumb" rabies appear depressed, lethargic, and uncoordinated. Gradually they become completely paralyzed. When their throat and jaw muscles are paralyzed, the animals will drool and have difficulty swallowing. In animals, rabies is a viral zoonotic neuro-invasive disease which causes inflammation in the brain and is usually fatal.
Ernest Shalom Tierkel (July 2, 1917 – November 2, 1981) was an epidemiologist, whose lifelong work in implementing vaccine programs eliminated rabies as a major public health concern in the United States. His work then spread through the World Health Organization (WHO) to the rest of the world. Tierkel came to be known as “Dr. Rabies.”.
Rabies virus, scientific name Rabies lyssavirus, is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in animals, including humans. It can cause violence, hydrophobia, and fever. Rabies transmission can also occur through the saliva of animals and less commonly through contact with human saliva. Rabies lyssavirus, like many rhabdoviruses, has an extremely ...
The rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies. [11] There are several rabies vaccines available that are both safe and effective. [11] Vaccinations must be administered prior to rabies virus exposure or within the latent period after exposure to prevent the disease. [12] Transmission of rabies virus to humans typically occurs through a ...
Joseph Meister in 1885. Joseph Meister (21 February 1876 – 24 June 1940) was the first person to be inoculated against rabies by Louis Pasteur, and likely the first person to be successfully treated for the infection, which has a >99% fatality rate once symptoms set in.
Lyssavirus (from the Greek λύσσα lyssa "rage, fury, rabies" and the Latin vīrus) [1][2] is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Mammals, including humans, can serve as natural hosts. [3][4] The genus Lyssavirus includes the causative agent (rabies virus) of rabies. [5]