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The Maddox rod test is a subjective method to measure horizontal and vertical deviations of the eyes, using a red line and a white light. The double Maddox rod test can also assess torsion and cyclotropias, by comparing the angles of two red lines.
A fixation disparity is not constant within a certain observer, but can vary depending on the viewing conditions. If test prisms with increasing amount are placed in front of the observer’s eyes, the fixation disparity changes in the eso direction with base-in prisms and in the exo direction with base-out prisms (Fig. 3).
Maddox wing is an instrument for measuring strabismus (eye misalignment) by dissociating the eyes with septa and arrows. Learn about its indications, equipment, method, interpretation, advantages, disadvantages and considerations.
The Worth 4 dot test is a clinical test for assessing binocular vision and eye alignment. It involves wearing red-green goggles and seeing four lights in a diamond formation, which can indicate normal or abnormal fusion, suppression, or diplopia.
Convergence insufficiency is a binocular vision disorder that affects the ability of the eyes to turn towards each other. It can cause symptoms such as double vision, eye strain, headache, and difficulty reading. Learn about the diagnosis, treatment, and prevalence of convergence insufficiency.
From left to right: an accommodative fixation stick, a vertical prism bar, and a horizontal prism bar. The PFR involves placing a prism bar in front of an eye. In a patient with BSV, a natural shift of the eye occurs. When measuring horizontal fusion ranges, base in prisms assess fusional divergence while base out prisms assess fusional ...
Prentice's rule is a formula to calculate the amount of prism correction in a lens based on decentration and lens power. It can be used for prescribing, tolerance control, or determining unprescribed prism in eyeglasses.
[2] Accommodative vergence: blur-driven vergence. Fusional vergence (also: disparity vergence, disparity-driven vergence, or reflex vergence [2]): vergence induced by a stimulus to binocular fusion. Proximal vergence: vergence due to the awareness of a fixation object being near or far in the absence of disparity and of cues for accommodation ...