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Flammer syndrome. Flammer syndrome is a described clinical entity comprising a complex of clinical features caused mainly by dysregulation of the blood supply. It was previously known as vascular dysregulation. [1] It can manifest in many symptoms, such as cold hands and feet, and is often associated with low blood pressure.
As blood is pumped through the body, the valves within the veins prevent the blood from flowing backwards. After extensive, prolonged standing, these valves can become weak and eventually fail. When this happens, blood is no longer being prevented from flowing backward. Gravity will pull the blood back into an individual's legs, ankles and feet.
Reflex syncope occurs in response to a trigger due to dysfunction of the heart rate and blood pressure regulating mechanism. When heart rate slows or blood pressure drops, the resulting lack of blood to the brain causes fainting. Vasovagal. Typical triggers include: Prolonged standing; Emotional stress; Pain; The sight of blood
Methods of mitigating the effects of the high altitude environment include oxygen enrichment of breathing air and/or an increase of pressure in an enclosed environment. [1] Other effects of high altitude include frostbite, hypothermia, sunburn, and dehydration. Tibetans and Andeans are two groups which are relatively well adapted to high ...
However, if the eyes are asymmetrically affected, i.e. one eye's optic nerve is more damaged than the other, it will produce an important sign called an afferent pupillary defect. [citation needed] Defective light perception in one eye causes an asymmetrical pupillary constriction reflex called the afferent pupillary defect (APD). [citation needed]
Ocular hypertension. Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye ( intraocular pressure ), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [1] [2] For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. [3] [4] Elevated intraocular pressure is an important risk ...
Non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement methods. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the major causes of secondary brain ischemia that accompanies a variety of pathological conditions, most notably traumatic brain injury (TBI), strokes, and intracranial hemorrhages. It can cause complications such as vision impairment due to ...
Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is an eye disease, a neuropathy of the optic nerve, that shows all the characteristics of primary open angle glaucoma except one: the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) - the classic hallmark of glaucoma - is missing. Normal tension glaucoma is in many cases closely associated with general issues of blood ...