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In geometry, the rhombic dodecahedron is a convex polyhedron with 12 congruent rhombic faces. It has 24 edges, and 14 vertices of 2 types. As a Catalan solid, it is the dual polyhedron of the cuboctahedron. As a parallelohedron, the rhombic dodecahedron can be used to tesselate its copies in space creating a rhombic dodecahedral honeycomb.
The vertices with the obtuse rhombic face angles have 4 cells. The vertices with the acute rhombic face angles have 6 cells. The rhombic dodecahedron can be twisted on one of its hexagonal cross-sections to form a trapezo-rhombic dodecahedron, which is the cell of a somewhat similar tessellation, the Voronoi diagram of hexagonal close-packing.
The rhombicosidodecahedron shares its vertex arrangement with three nonconvex uniform polyhedra: the small stellated truncated dodecahedron, the small dodecicosidodecahedron (having the triangular and pentagonal faces in common), and the small rhombidodecahedron (having the square faces in common).
The rhombic dodecahedron packs together to fill space. The rhombic dodecahedron can be seen as a degenerate pyritohedron where the 6 special edges have been reduced to zero length, reducing the pentagons into rhombic faces. The rhombic dodecahedron has several stellations, the first of which is also a parallelohedral spacefiller.
It includes templates of face elements for construction and helpful hints in building, and also brief descriptions on the theory behind these shapes. It contains the 75 nonprismatic uniform polyhedra , as well as 44 stellated forms of the convex regular and quasiregular polyhedra.
Documented examples are rare. Two classes can be distinguished: Non-convex cells which pack without overlapping, analogous to tilings of concave polygons. These include a packing of the small stellated rhombic dodecahedron, as in the Yoshimoto Cube.
Tetrahedron, Cube, Octahedron, Dodecahedron, Icosahedron; Regular spherical polyhedron. Dihedron, Hosohedron; Kepler–Poinsot polyhedron (Regular star polyhedra) Small stellated dodecahedron, Great stellated dodecahedron, Great icosahedron, Great dodecahedron; Abstract regular polyhedra (Projective polyhedron)
The elements of a polytope can be considered according to either their own dimensionality or how many dimensions "down" they are from the body.