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A VR sensor used as a simple proximity sensor can determine the position of a mechanical link in a piece of industrial equipment. A crankshaft position sensor (in an automobile engine) is used to provide the angular position of the crankshaft to the engine control unit. The engine control unit can then calculate engine speed (angular velocity).
A smart transducer is an analog or digital transducer, actuator, or sensor combined with a processing unit and a communication interface. [ 1 ] As sensors and actuators become more complex, they provide support for various modes of operation and interfacing.
A control loop is the fundamental building block of control systems in general and industrial control systems in particular. It consists of the process sensor, the controller function, and the final control element (FCE) which controls the process necessary to automatically adjust the value of a measured process variable (PV) to equal the value of a desired set-point (SP).
A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another. [1] Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.).
Since the output of an inductive sensor has two possible states, an inductive sensor is sometimes referred to as an inductive proximity switch. [2] [3] The sensor consists of an induction loop or detector coil. Most often this is physically a number of turns of insulated magnet wire wound around a high magnetic permeability core, such as a ...
As wireless sensor nodes are typically very small electronic devices, they can only be equipped with a limited power source of less than 0.5-2 ampere-hour and 1.2-3.7 volts. Sensors are classified into three categories: passive, omnidirectional sensors; passive, narrow-beam sensors; and active sensors.
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Simplified single line diagram of a single-phase transfer switch to select either 'city' (utility) power or local generator power 3-phase Intelligent transfer switch. A transfer switch is an electrical switch that switches a load between two sources. Some transfer switches are manual, in that an operator effects the transfer by throwing a ...