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  2. Terminal digit preference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_digit_preference

    Terminal digit preference, terminal digit bias, or end-digit preference is a commonly-observed statistical phenomenon whereby humans recording numbers have a bias or ...

  3. Benford's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benford's_law

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 January 2025. Observation that in many real-life datasets, the leading digit is likely to be small For the unrelated adage, see Benford's law of controversy. The distribution of first digits, according to Benford's law. Each bar represents a digit, and the height of the bar is the percentage of ...

  4. Terminal and nonterminal symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_and_nonterminal...

    Applying the rules recursively to a source string of symbols will usually terminate in a final output string consisting only of terminal symbols. Consider a grammar defined by two rules. In this grammar, the symbol Б is a terminal symbol and Ψ is both a non-terminal symbol and the start symbol. The production rules for creating strings are as ...

  5. Whipple's index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whipple's_index

    While other measures of age heaping, such as Myers' Blended Index, [3] can be applied to find preferences for any terminal digit, the patterns of heaping may be complex. For example, it has been shown that among Han Chinese, age heaping occurs on a 12-year cycle, consistent with preferred animal years of the Chinese calendar. Whether this ...

  6. Gödel numbering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gödel_numbering

    In other words, by placing the set of K basic symbols in some fixed order, such that the -th symbol corresponds uniquely to the -th digit of a bijective base-K numeral system, each formula may serve just as the very numeral of its own Gödel number. For example, the numbering described here has K=1000. [i]

  7. Chomsky normal form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomsky_normal_form

    To convert a grammar to Chomsky normal form, a sequence of simple transformations is applied in a certain order; this is described in most textbooks on automata theory. [4]: 87–94 [5] [6] [7] The presentation here follows Hopcroft, Ullman (1979), but is adapted to use the transformation names from Lange, Leiß (2009).

  8. Repeating decimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeating_decimal

    A repeating decimal or recurring decimal is a decimal representation of a number whose digits are eventually periodic (that is, after some place, the same sequence of digits is repeated forever); if this sequence consists only of zeros (that is if there is only a finite number of nonzero digits), the decimal is said to be terminating, and is not considered as repeating.

  9. Order of operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

    The order of operations, that is, the order in which the operations in an expression are usually performed, results from a convention adopted throughout mathematics, science, technology and many computer programming languages. It is summarized as: [2] [5] Parentheses; Exponentiation; Multiplication and division; Addition and subtraction