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A bastion fort or trace italienne (a phrase derived from non-standard French, meaning 'Italian outline') is a fortification in a style developed during the early modern period in response to the ascendancy of gunpowder weapons such as cannon, which rendered earlier medieval approaches to fortification obsolete.
The city walls, spanning approximately 3 kilometers, form a hexagonal shape and are a notable example of late-Renaissance bastion fort architecture, featuring six bastions (Rimembranza, Fortezza, Maiano, Cavallerizza, Molino a Vento, Garibaldi), a citadel, and gates.
Spike Island (Irish: Inis Píc) is an island of 103 acres (42 ha) [1] in Cork Harbour, Ireland.Originally the site of a monastic settlement, [2] [3] the island is dominated by an 18th-century bastion fort now named Fort Mitchel.
A crownwork outside a bastion Feature 'l' is a crownwork. [1] A crownwork is an element of the trace italienne system of fortification and is effectively an expanded hornwork (a type of outwork). It consists of a full bastion with the walls on either side ending in half bastions from which longer flank walls run back towards the main fortress. [2]
Star Fort in Komárno, Slovakia Nové Zámky – only to be seen as a hexagonally shaped city centre Komárno – mostly preserved city fortification complex contains Komárno fortress (New and Old) and fortifications of the city as Palatine's line and Vah's line and also three forts in the area of neighbouring city Komárom (Igmand, Csillag ...
A hornwork is an element of the Italian bastion system of fortification. Its face is flanked with a pair of half-bastions. It is distinguished from a crownwork, because crownworks contain full bastions at their centers. They are both outworks.
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With the increase in firearm warfare in the early modern period of gunpowder when the cannon came to dominate the battlefield, came significant shifts in military strategy and fort design. One of these changes was the development of the bastion fort, or alla moderna fortifications, with a polygon-shaped fortress with bulwarks at the corners. [1]