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Usually utilization category is mentioned in most of the switch gear, with the above contactor stating to be used under AC1 - resistive load & AC3 for motor usage. In electrical engineering utilization categories are defined by IEC standards [1] and indicate the type of electrical load and duty cycle of the loads to ease selection of contactors ...
Load-break/Load-make switches can switch normal system load currents; Isolators are off load disconnectors which are to be operated after Circuit Breakers, or else if the load current is very small; By voltage class: Low voltage (less than 1 kV AC) Medium voltage (1 kV AC through to approximately 75 kV AC) High voltage (75 kV to about 230 kV AC)
In 1966, devices were developed with a rated voltage of 15 kV and short-circuit breaking currents of 25 and 31.5 kA. After the 1970s, vacuum switches began to replace the minimal-oil switches in medium-voltage switchgear. In the early 1980s, SF6 switches and breakers were also gradually replaced by vacuum technology in medium-voltage application.
Each key of a computer keyboard, for example, is a normally-open "push-to-make" switch. A "push-to-break" (or normally-closed or NC) switch, on the other hand, breaks contact when the button is pressed and makes contact when it is released. An example of a push-to-break switch is a button used to release a door held closed by an electromagnet.
Stotz's invention was the forerunner of the modern thermal-magnetic breaker commonly used in household load centers to this day. Interconnection of multiple generator sources into an electrical grid required the development of circuit breakers with increasing voltage ratings and increased ability to safely interrupt the increasing short-circuit ...
Simplified single line diagram of a single-phase transfer switch to select either 'city' (utility) power or local generator power 3-phase Intelligent transfer switch. A transfer switch is an electrical switch that switches a load between two sources. Some transfer switches are manual, in that an operator effects the transfer by throwing a ...
A solid state relay (SSR) is an electronic switching device that switches on or off when an external voltage (AC or DC) is applied across its control terminals. They serve the same function as an electromechanical relay , but solid-state electronics contain no moving parts and have a longer operational lifetime.
A braking chopper is an magnetical switch that limits the DC bus voltage by switching the braking energy to a resistor where the braking energy is converted to heat. Braking choppers are automatically activated when the actual DC bus voltage exceeds a specified level depending on the nominal voltage of the variable-frequency drive