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Micrograph showing hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages, as seen in a pulmonary hemorrhage. H&E stain. An alveolar macrophage, pulmonary macrophage, (or dust cell) is a type of macrophage, a professional phagocyte, found in the airways and at the level of the alveoli in the lungs, but separated from their walls. [1]
In 1965 Liebow described 18 patients with pulmonary lesions with large alveolar cell proliferation and desquamation. Liebow also noted that the walls of the patient's distal airways were thickened. [23] The name "desquamative interstitial pneumonia" originated from the assumption that the disease was caused by epithelial cell desquamation. [1] [4]
Another pigment in smoker’s macrophage is hemosiderin which is involved in iron homoeostasis. Hemosiderin-laden pigmented macrophages are yellowish brown and found in the bronchiole and peribronchiolar alveolar space. [9] The presence of these dirty macrophages has been a characteristic of many smoke-related lung diseases. [9] [10]
The alveolar macrophages reside on the internal luminal surfaces of the alveoli, the alveolar ducts, and the bronchioles. They are mobile scavengers that serve to engulf foreign particles in the lungs, such as dust, bacteria, carbon particles, and blood cells from injuries. [24] They are also called pulmonary macrophages, and dust cells.
[2] [9] Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages have been reported in cases of vaping-associated pulmonary injury. [10] [1] [11] The lipid-laden macrophage index (LLMI) can be calculated by counting 100 macrophages in a BAL specimen treated with a lipid stain and scoring each macrophage from 0 to 4 based on the amount of lipids present in the cell. [7 ...
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of surfactant-derived lipoprotein compounds within the alveoli of the lung. The accumulated substances interfere with the normal gas exchange and expansion of the lungs, ultimately leading to difficulty breathing and a predisposition to ...
Histopathology of respiratory bronchiolitis: Smoker's macrophages (arrow); mild interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate and mild fibrosis (arrowhead) [2] Diagnosis of respiratory bronchiolitis requires a correlation of clinical, radiologic and pathologic findings: [1] Clinical: Symptoms and pulmonary function testing
Macrophages are diffusely scattered in the connective tissue and in liver (Kupffer cells), spleen and lymph nodes (sinus histiocytes), lungs (alveolar macrophages), and central nervous system (microglia). The half-life of blood monocytes is about 1 day, whereas the life span of tissue macrophages is several months or years.