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The Official Journal of the French Republic (French: Journal officiel de la République française), also known as the JORF or JO, is the government gazette of the French Republic. It publishes the major legal official information from the national Government of France, the French Parliament [2] [3] [4] and the French Constitutional Council. [5]
The following constitute statutory defences in all four provinces: (i) that the plaintiff consented to the use of his persona; (ii) that the use of the plaintiff's persona was incidental to the exercise of a lawful right of defence of person or property; (iii) that the use was authorized or required under a provincial law or by a court, or any ...
Introduction historique au droit, 2nd rev'd edn. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1999. ISBN 2-13-049621-0. Castaldo, André. Introduction historique au droit, 2nd edn. Paris: Dalloz, 2003. ISBN 2-247-05159-6. Rigaudière, Albert. Introduction historique à l'étude du droit et des institutions. Paris: Economica, 2001. ISBN 2-7178-4328-0.
Article 49 of the constitution was amended by the constitutional legislation of 4 August 1995 [12] [13] and of 23 July 2008. [14] [15]The original version of the article, when there were two legislative sessions a year, stated: "if a vote of no confidence is rejected, its supporters cannot introduce another in the same session."
A military exemption is an official legal provision that exempts individuals or groups of people from compulsory military service or from certain military duties. Depending on the country and its laws, military exemptions may be granted for various reasons, such as medical reasons, religious beliefs, conscientious objection, family responsibilities, or educational pursuits.
The term race as used in Article One of the French Constitution, which states that France "ensures equality for all citizens without distinction of origin, race, or religion", has been the subject of numerous challenges from across the political spectrum. Nevertheless, no amendments to this wording have been successful since the 2000s.
Human rights in France are contained in the preamble of the Constitution of the French Fifth Republic, founded in 1958, and the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. France has also ratified the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights , as well as the European Convention on Human Rights 1960 and the Charter of Fundamental ...
The July Ordinances, also known as the Four Ordinances of Saint-Cloud, were a series of decrees set forth by Charles X and Jules Armand de Polignac, the chief minister, in July 1830. Compelled by what he felt to be a growing, manipulative radicalism in the elected government, Charles felt that as king by right of birth, his primary duty was the ...