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De Quervain's thyroiditis, also known as subacute granulomatous thyroiditis or giant cell thyroiditis, is a self-limiting inflammatory illness of the thyroid gland. [1] De Quervain thyroiditis is characterized by fever, flu-like symptoms, a painful goiter, and neck pain.
[1] [2] [3] Thyroid function test will evolve through the three phases of thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, and euthyroid state. In the thyrotoxic phase, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) will be low with high or normal levels of thyroid hormones. Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are ...
These granulomas are the main reason for the name granulomatosis with polyangiitis, although it is not an essential feature. Nevertheless, necrotizing granulomas are a hallmark of this disease. Many biopsies can be nonspecific, though, and 50% provide too little information for the diagnosis of GPA. [12]
Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid antibodies will help decide if there is a functional thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis present, a known cause of a benign nodular goitre. [4] Fine needle biopsy for cytopathology is also used. [5] [6] [7] Thyroid nodules are extremely common in young adults and children.
Thyroid dysfunction is seen in 4.2–4.6% of cases. [62] [63] Parotid enlargement occurs in about 5–10% of cases. [19] Bilateral involvement is the rule. The gland is usually not tender, but firm and smooth. Dry mouth can occur; other exocrine glands are affected only rarely. [28]
Thyroiditis is generally caused by an immune system attack on the thyroid, resulting in inflammation and damage to the thyroid cells. This disease is often considered a malfunction of the immune system and can be associated with IgG4-related systemic disease, in which symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis and noninfectious aortitis also occur.
Sarcoid granulomas, and; Amyloid deposits in muscles [3] Thyroid metabolism can be disrupted secondary to a primary disease. A common comorbidity of the metabolic myopathy McArdle disease (Glycogen storage disease type V) is hypothyroidism. [14] [15] It is also a comorbidity of late-onset Pompe disease (Glycogen storage disease type II).
Sarcoid granulomas, and; Amyloid deposits in muscles [6] Thyroid metabolism can be disrupted secondary to a primary disease. A common comorbidity of the metabolic myopathy McArdle disease (Glycogen storage disease type V) is hypothyroidism. [23] [24] It is also a comorbidity of late-onset Pompe disease (Glycogen storage disease type II).