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Scores on the CES-DC range from 0 to 60, in which higher scores suggest a greater presence of depressive symptoms. A score of 15 or higher is interpreted to indicate a risk for depression. However, screening for depression is a complex process and scoring a 15 or higher on the CES-DC should be followed by further evaluation.
The Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a ten-item [1] diagnostic questionnaire which mental health professionals use to measure the severity of depressive episodes in patients with mood disorders.
Some depression rating scales are completed by patients. The Beck Depression Inventory, for example, is a 21-question self-report inventory that covers symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, weight loss, lack of interest in sex, and feelings of guilt, hopelessness or fear of being punished. [11]
One of these studies found that in older adults with mild to moderate depression, reading Feeling Good with brief intermittent phone check-in sessions was an effective treatment for depression. [4] In her text on Cognitive Therapy, Beck's daughter Judith S. Beck recommends it as a "layman's book" to be used by patients undergoing CBT. [5]
It cannot be used to make an actual diagnosis. Only a trained clinician can do that. For example, a trained clinician can determine if the symptoms can be better explained by substance use or another medical or psychiatric condition. Clinicians, however, may use the PHQ-9 to evaluate the efficacy of treatments for depression.
It’s easy to ignore, roll your eyes and put a middle finger up to straight people who don’t like you because, whatever, you don’t need their approval anyway. Rejection from other gay people, though, feels like losing your only way of making friends and finding love. Being pushed away from your own people hurts more because you need them more.
When the test is scored, a value of 0 to 3 is assigned for each answer and then the total score is compared to a key to determine the depression's severity. The standard cut-off scores were as follows: [7] 0–9: indicates minimal depression; 10–18: indicates mild depression; 19–29: indicates moderate depression; 30–63: indicates severe ...
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