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Resection of any part of the colon entails mobilization and the cutting and sealing, or ligation, of the blood vessels supplying the portion of the colon to be removed. [8] A stapler is typically used to cut across the colon to prevent spillage of intestinal contents into the peritoneal cavity. [10]
A proctosigmoidectomy, Hartmann's operation or Hartmann's procedure is the surgical resection of the rectosigmoid colon with closure of the anorectal stump and formation of an end colostomy. It was used to treat colon cancer or inflammation (proctosigmoiditis, proctitis, diverticulitis, volvulus, etc.).
Colonic polypectomy has become a routine part of colonoscopy, allowing quick and simple removal of polyps during the procedure, without invasive surgery. [18] With regard to blood in the stool either visible or occult, it is worthy of note, that occasional rectal bleeding may have multiple non-serious potential causes. [19]
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). [5] Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool , a change in bowel movements , weight loss, abdominal pain and fatigue. [ 9 ]
The colon is then mobilized from the retroperitoneum. Care is taken to avoid injury to the ureters and duodenum. The surgery then follows the same steps as small bowel resection. However, due to the colon's placement in the retroperitoneum, more dissection is often required to allow for tension free anastomosis. [5] [6]
APRs involves removal of the anus, the rectum and part of the sigmoid colon along with the associated (regional) lymph nodes, through incisions made in the abdomen and perineum. The end of the remaining sigmoid colon is brought out permanently as an opening, called a stoma , which is used by the patient in conjunction with a colostomy pouch, on ...
They also use it to look for benign and malignant polyps, as well as early signs of cancer in the descending colon and rectum. [1] With flexible sigmoidoscopy, the physician can see intestinal bleeding, inflammation, abnormal growths, and ulcers in the descending colon and rectum. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is not sufficient to detect polyps or ...
When they occur, symptoms include bloody stools; changes in frequency or consistency of stools (such as a week or more of constipation or diarrhoea); [3] and fatigue arising from blood loss. [2] Anemia arising from iron deficiency can also present due to chronic blood loss, even in the absence of bloody stools.