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Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) therapy is a mindfulness-based program (MBP) designed for stress management and used to treat other conditions. [1] [2] It is structured as an eight to ten week group program. [3] MBSR was developed in the late 1970s by Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of
The popularization and development of the term psychoeducation into its current form is widely attributed to the American researcher C.M. Anderson in 1980 in the context of the treatment of schizophrenia. [10] Her research concentrated on educating relatives concerning the symptoms and the process of the schizophrenia. Also, her research ...
Research Experiences for Undergraduates (or REUs) are competitive summer research programs in the United States for undergraduates studying science, engineering, or mathematics. [1] The programs are sponsored by the National Science Foundation, and are hosted in various universities. REUs tend to be specialized in a particular field of science.
Behavior modification is a treatment approach that uses respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior. Based on methodological behaviorism, [1] overt behavior is modified with (antecedent) stimulus control and consequences, including positive and negative reinforcement contingencies to increase desirable behavior, as well as positive and negative punishment, and extinction to reduce ...
In education, cramming is the practice of working intensively to absorb large volumes of information in short amounts of time. It is also known as massed learning. [1] It is often done by students in preparation for upcoming exams, especially just before them.
After a few weeks in a program, opiate addicts may glow as if born again and testify to a newfound clarity. But those feelings of power and self-esteem can be tethered to the rehabilitation facility. Confidence often dims soon after graduation, when they once again face real life with a still-warped brain hypersensitive to triggers that will ...
Psychological projection is a defence mechanism of alterity concerning "inside" content mistaken to be coming from the "outside" Other. [1] It forms the basis of empathy by the projection of personal experiences to understand someone else's subjective world. [1]
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