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The American War-Dog, a 1916 political cartoon by Oscar Cesare, with the dog named "Jingo". Jingoism is nationalism in the form of aggressive and proactive foreign policy, such as a country's advocacy for the use of threats or actual force, as opposed to peaceful relations, in efforts to safeguard what it perceives as its national interests. [1]
Members include translators, interpreters, educators, project managers, web and software developers, language services companies, hospitals, universities, and government agencies. ATA offers certification examinations for its members in some language combinations [3] and is affiliated with the International Federation of Translators (FIT).
Obtaining a certificate is voluntary in some fields, but in others, certification from a government-accredited agency may be legally required to perform certain jobs or tasks. Organizations in the United States involved in setting standards for certification include the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Institute for ...
International Association for Translation and Intercultural Studies; The American Association of Language Specialists; Translators Without Borders; European Society for Translation Studies; Tremédica; World Association of Sign Language Interpreters; AudioVisual Translators Europe (https://avteurope.eu/)
[2] [4] [8] This French quality finds its parallel in the English-language term jingoism, which has retained the meaning of chauvinism strictly in its original sense; that is, an attitude of belligerent nationalism. [8] [9] [10] In 1945, political theorist Hannah Arendt described the concept thus:
: In 1988, Berlitz International, Inc. acquired Language Institute for English (L.I.F.E.), which later became ELS Language Centers. [17] Second Language Testing, Inc.: Specializes in the development of second language proficiency tests and the translation and adaptation of standardized achievement tests to students' native languages and ...
The Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs [1] (English: International Federation of Translators) is an international federation of associations of translators, interpreters and terminologists working in areas as diverse as literary, scientific and technical, public service, court and legal settings, conference interpreting, media and diplomatic fields and academia.
The Institute of Translation & Interpreting aims to promote the highest standards in the translation and interpreting professions. It achieves this through the publication of a bimonthly bulletin (the ITI Bulletin), blog posts and pamphlets, the organisation of regular conferences and courses linked to Continuing Professional Development, rigorous criteria for full membership including ...