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Sirtuin 1, also known as NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIRT1 gene. [5] [6] [7]SIRT1 stands for sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (S. cerevisiae), referring to the fact that its sirtuin homolog (biological equivalent across species) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is Sir2.
SIRT1 protein promotes homologous recombination in human cells and is involved in recombinational repair of DNA breaks. [ 29 ] SIRT6 is a chromatin -associated protein and in mammalian cells is required for base excision repair of DNA damage . [ 30 ]
In a later study, SRT1720 increased mean lifespan of obese, diabetic mice by 21.7%, similar to the earlier study, but there was no effect on maximum lifespan in this study. [3] In normal-weight mice fed a standard rodent diet, SRT1720 increased mean lifespan by just 8.8%, and again had no effect on maximum lifespan.
Recent studies show that DBC1 is an inhibitor of the sirtuin-type deacetylase, SIRT1, which deacetylates histones and p53. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] DBC1 is likely to regulate the activity of SIRT1 or related deacetylases by sensing the soluble products or substrates of the NAD-dependent deacetylation reaction.
The sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) enzyme is required for eNAMPT secretion from adipose tissue. [18] eNAMPT may act more as a cytokine, although its receptor (possibly TLR4) has not been proven. [8] It has been demonstrated that eNAMPT could bind to and activate TLR4. [19] eNAMPT can exist as a dimer or as a monomer, but is normally a circulating dimer. [18]
Medical human subject research often involves analysis of biological specimens, epidemiological and behavioral studies and medical chart review studies. [1] A specific, and especially heavily regulated, type of medical human subject research is the " clinical trial ", in which drugs, vaccines and medical devices are evaluated.)
Furthermore, several newer studies have documented the substantial benefits of cold exposure in multiple species including humans, for example researchers concluded that "activation of brown adipose tissue is a powerful therapeutic avenue to ameliorate hyperlipidaemia and protect from atherosclerosis" [30] and that brown fat activation reduces ...
In biochemistry, in the biological context of organisms' regulation of gene expression and production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the production and quantities of its cellular components, such as RNA and proteins, in response to an external stimulus.