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The title of satan is also applied to him in the midrash Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer, where he is the chief of the fallen angels, [7]: 257–60 and a twelve-winged seraph. [14] According to the text, Samael opposed the creation of Adam and descended to Earth to tempt him into evil.
[112] [113] For Augustine, the rebellion of Satan was the first and final cause of evil; thus, he rejected earlier teachings about Satan having fallen when the world was already created. [114] [115] In his Civitas Dei, he describes two cities (Civitates) distinct from and opposed to each other like light and darkness. [116]
St. Michael Vanquishing Satan (1518) by Raphael, depicting Satan being cast out of heaven by Michael the Archangel, as described in Revelation 12:7–8. The Book of Revelation represents Satan as the supernatural ruler of the Roman Empire and the ultimate cause of all evil in the world. [103]
Jesus' parable of the Sower (Mathew 13): the first two scenes of unproductive soil represent the devil and the flesh (not so much the world) birds eating the seed -- (Matthew 13:19) "When anyone hears the message about the kingdom and does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what was sown in their heart";
In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads: Then the devil taketh him up into the holy city, and setteth him on a pinnacle of the temple, The World English Bible translates the passage as: Then the devil took him into the holy city. He set him on the pinnacle of the temple, The 1881 Westcott-Hort Greek text is:
In contrast, according to Yair Hoffman, the ancient books of the Hebrew Bible do not show an awareness of the theological problem of evil, and even most later biblical scholars did not touch the question of the problem of evil. [99] In the Bible, all characterizations of evil and suffering assert the view of "a God who is greater than suffering ...
In the King James Version of the Bible, the text reads: Then the devil leaveth him, and, behold, angels came and ministered unto him. The English Standard Version translates the passage as: Then the devil left him, and behold, angels came and were ministering to him. For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 4:11.
The author is identified as "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" (James 1:1). James (Jacob, Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, romanized: Ya'aqov, Ancient Greek: Ιάκωβος, romanized: Iakobos) was an extremely common name in antiquity, and a number of early Christian figures are named James, including: James the son of Zebedee, James the Less, James the son of Alphaeus, and James ...